Velk\u00fd skok pro kryptom\u011bny
Kryptom\u011bna Ethereum se chyst\u00e1 zcela zm\u011bnit zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm kryje a prov\u00e1d\u00ed transakce. Nov\u00e1 podkladov\u00e1 technologie by m\u011bla sn\u00ed\u017eit energetickou n\u00e1ro\u010dnost provozov\u00e1n\u00ed kryptom\u011bny o 99% a v\u00fdrazn\u011b urychlit transakce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Podrobn\u00e9 a detailn\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed sepsali na MIT Technology Review. N\u00e1sleduje na\u0161e v\u00fdrazn\u011b zjednodu\u0161en\u00e1 interpretace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee neexistuje hotovost. V tradi\u010dn\u00edm finan\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu by v\u0161echny pen\u00edze existovaly jako velk\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy o p\u0159evodech z \u00fa\u010dtu na \u00fa\u010det.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b bychom se shodli na tom, \u017ee by bylo dobr\u00e9, aby nov\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy o tom, kdo a komu pos\u00edl\u00e1 pen\u00edze nemohl vytv\u00e1\u0159et kdokoli, nebo\u0165 by bylo snadn\u00e9, aby si n\u011bkdo na vlastn\u00ed \u00fa\u010det p\u0159ipsal vymy\u0161len\u00e9 pen\u00edze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Proto jsme se shodli na tom, \u017ee pravomoc zapsat nov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1dek do seznamu transakc\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee jen banka a to a\u017e pot\u00e9, co dostala povolen\u00ed od \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jeliko\u017e ve spole\u010dnosti existuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed m\u00edra d\u016fv\u011bry v banky a banky maj\u00ed z\u00e1jem na tom, aby syst\u00e9m dob\u0159e fungoval, zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed povolen\u00ed zapsat novou transakci a jsou motivov\u00e1ny proti tomu, aby vym\u00fd\u0161lely neexistuj\u00edc\u00ed transakce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Syst\u00e9m ale funguje zejm\u00e9na d\u00edky tomu, \u017ee se lid\u00e9 shodli na tom, \u017ee mohou \u010d\u00e1st odpov\u011bdnosti p\u0159edat centralizovan\u00fdm instituc\u00edm \u2013 bank\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Te\u010f si p\u0159edstavte, \u017ee se pokou\u0161\u00edte vytvo\u0159it verzi bankovn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, ve kter\u00e9 jsou si v\u0161ichni hr\u00e1\u010di rovni a nikdo nev\u011b\u0159\u00ed nikomu. Mus\u00edte n\u011bjak ot\u00e1zku toho, jak zaru\u010d\u00edte, \u017ee do seznamu p\u0159evod\u016f p\u0159ibudou jen ov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kryptom\u011bny tento probl\u00e9m filozoficky vy\u0159e\u0161ily tak, \u017ee seznam v\u0161ech transakc\u00ed je ve\u0159ejn\u00fd a anonymizovan\u00fd. Tedy vid\u00edte v n\u011bm jen to, \u017ee z \u00fa\u010dtu A byly p\u0159evedeny pen\u00edze na \u00fa\u010det B. To, komu \u00fa\u010dty opravdu pat\u0159\u00ed v syst\u00e9mu ulo\u017eeny nen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u010c\u00e1st o tom, kdo m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo do seznamu zapisovat nov\u00e9 transakce je komplikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Tradi\u010dn\u011b ji kryptom\u011bny \u0159e\u0161\u00ed tak, \u017ee vy\u017eaduj\u00ed takzvan\u00fd \u201ed\u016fkaz o vykonan\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci\u201c (proof of work).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V principu jsou naprogramov\u00e1ny tak, \u017ee nech\u00e1vaj\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de \u0159e\u0161it komplikovan\u00e9 matematick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a prvn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, kter\u00fd probl\u00e9m vy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed tak\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc podep\u00ed\u0161e pravost nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed transakce a za odm\u011bnu dostat p\u00e1r kus\u016f kryptom\u011bny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V principu po\u010d\u00edta\u010de hraj\u00ed hru Bingo \u2013 h\u00e1daj\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla \u2013 a prvn\u00ed, kter\u00fd uhodne z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 odm\u011bnu. \u010c\u00edm m\u00e1te v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, t\u00edm je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161ance, \u017ee hru vyhrajete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Syst\u00e9m tak motivuje \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky, aby investovali kapit\u00e1l (v podob\u011b n\u00e1kupu drah\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f), co\u017e je zase odrazuje od toho, aby se pokou\u0161eli vytv\u00e1\u0159et podvodn\u00e9 transakce, kter\u00e9 by vedly k poklesu hodnoty kryptom\u011bny a znehodnotily jejich investici do po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f hraj\u00edc\u00edch bingo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na tomto konceptu funguj\u00ed nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9my kryptomen jako Bitcoin a Ethereum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ale pokud chcete reprezentovat autoritu a zainteresovat v syst\u00e9mu p\u0159es v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed v\u00fdkon, v\u00fdsledkem je zoufale neefektivn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, ve kter\u00e9m a\u017e 99% energie utr\u00e1c\u00edte zbyte\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ethereum se za n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f pokus\u00ed upravit syst\u00e9m tak, aby autoritu nemusel kr\u00fdt v\u00fdkon koupen\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f, ale p\u0159\u00edmo vlo\u017een\u00e1 hodnota pen\u011bz. Syst\u00e9m se p\u0159esune a pr\u00e1vo zapisovat nov\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dky nebude ud\u011blovat na z\u00e1klad\u011b vykonan\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, ale na z\u00e1klad\u011b vlo\u017een\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu (proof of stake).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jinak \u0159e\u010deno, syst\u00e9m bude nam\u00edsto binga, ve kter\u00e9m se po\u010d\u00edta\u010de pokou\u0161ej\u00ed uhodnout spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo organizovat tichou loterii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jej\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci budou moci \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci vsadit ur\u010ditou \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00fdch kryptominc\u00ed k tomu, aby garantovali opr\u00e1vn\u011bnost transkace. Pokud se uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee nov\u00e1 transakce byla podvod o sv\u00e9 pen\u00edze automaticky p\u0159ijdou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Syst\u00e9m bude v\u00edce odm\u011b\u0148ovat lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed budou ochotni vsadit nejv\u00edce sv\u00fdch kryptominc\u00ed na kryt\u00ed transkac\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee je bude ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e odm\u011b\u0148ovat nov\u011b vyti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdmi mincemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Syst\u00e9m by d\u00edky tomu mohl obej\u00edt brut\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1klady na provoz a b\u011b\u017eel by mnohem efektivn\u011bji, ale nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zda s\u00ed\u0165 velikosti Etherna bude t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem fungovat bez probl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Apple novinky
O Apple novink\u00e1ch jsme napsali cel\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek (a nahr\u00e1li speci\u00e1ln\u00ed podcast), kter\u00fd jsme tak\u00e9 pos\u00edlali jako extra vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Klik newsletteru ve st\u0159edu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Apple sice p\u0159edstavil sv\u016fj dosud nejv\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d (Mac Studio) s nov\u00fdm procesorem M1 Ultra. Av\u0161ak ozn\u00e1men\u00ed novinek p\u0159ineslo i nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed uniklou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Levn\u00fd iPhone SE s podporou 5G je o 30 dolar\u016f dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159ed dv\u011bma lety. P\u0159esto\u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed analytici mu v\u011b\u0161t\u00ed velk\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch v Asii, Apple mohl klidn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit cenu a z\u00edskat nov\u00e9 z\u00e1kazn\u00edky pro kter\u00e9 cenovka 429 dolar\u016f, resp. 519 Eur neznamen\u00e1 levn\u00fd telefon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Substack cht\u011bl chvilku b\u00fdt Facebookem
Substack, platforma a n\u00e1stroj pro psan\u00ed blog\u016f, tvorbu podcast\u016f a pos\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed newsletter\u016f, p\u0159edstavila novou mobiln\u00ed aplikaci a okam\u017eit\u011b vyvolala kontroverzi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00davodn\u00ed nastaven\u00ed p\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed aplikace m\u011blo toti\u017e v\u00fdchoz\u00ed mo\u017enost vypnout e-maily pro Substack publikaci, kterou \u010dlov\u011bk sleduje, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee cht\u011bl b\u00fdt o nov\u00fdch vyd\u00e1n\u00edch ozn\u00e1men prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm mobiln\u00edch upozorn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Proti takov\u00e9mu nastaven\u00ed se vzmohla vlna odporu na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, mnoz\u00ed obvi\u0148ovali Substack, \u017ee se uzav\u00edr\u00e1 a chce \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e i tv\u016frce p\u0159ipoutat ke sv\u00e9 platform\u011b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Velk\u00fd skok pro kryptom\u011bnyKryptom\u011bna Ethereum se chyst\u00e1 zcela zm\u011bnit zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm kryje a prov\u00e1d\u00ed transakce. Nov\u00e1 podkladov\u00e1 technologie by m\u011bla sn\u00ed\u017eit energetickou n\u00e1ro\u010dnost provozov\u00e1n\u00ed kryptom\u011bny o 99% a v\u00fdrazn\u011b urychlit transakce. Podrobn\u00e9 a detailn\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed sepsali na MIT Technology Review. N\u00e1sleduje na\u0161e v\u00fdrazn\u011b zjednodu\u0161en\u00e1 interpretace. P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee neexistuje hotovost. V tradi\u010dn\u00edm finan\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu by […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":762,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-prumysl"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hospodarskyzpravodaj.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/760","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hospodarskyzpravodaj.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hospodarskyzpravodaj.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hospodarskyzpravodaj.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hospodarskyzpravodaj.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=760"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hospodarskyzpravodaj.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/760\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hospodarskyzpravodaj.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/762"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hospodarskyzpravodaj.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=760"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hospodarskyzpravodaj.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=760"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hospodarskyzpravodaj.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=760"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}